Just transition or ‘Green colonialism’? How mineral extraction and new energy projects without free, prior and informed consent are threatening Indigenous Sámi livelihoods and culture in Sweden, Norway and Finland

The increasing interest from states and companies in extracting critical raw
materials and establishing renewable energy projects in Sápmi is
exacerbating challenges faced by the Indigenous Sámi People in Norway,
Sweden, and Finland.
Historically, the land and resources of the Sámi People have been exploited
without proper protection, and now, the impacts of climate change are
further threatening their traditional livelihoods. This situation represents a
clear human rights issue, as international law mandates that Indigenous
Peoples’ consent must be obtained before any project that affects their land
or resources can proceed.
However, current legislation in the Nordic states fails to ensure Sámi
consent, provide adequate resources for meaningful participation, or
incorporate Sámi traditional knowledge in decision-making processes. As a
result, Sámi communities are often forced to defend their rights through
lengthy and resource-intensive legal battles.
To address this, it is crucial that Nordic countries adopt legislation that aligns
with international human rights standards, ensuring Sámi consent is integral
to any development affecting their land and culture, thereby supporting a just
and sustainable energy transition.
Amnesty International and the Saami Council recommend that the Nordic
states ensure that no land use development in mining or energy sector shall
take place in Sápmi without the free, prior and informed consent of the Sámi
concerned.