Empowering through literacy: media and information literacy in Finland and its response to disinformation and propaganda based on lifelong learning

The paper explores Finland’s lifelong learning-based approach to media and information literacy (MIL) as a response to disinformation and propaganda. It highlights Finland’s top ranking in the European Media Literacy Index and its strong policy framework integrating media and information literacy throughout education and society. Key actors include ministries, the National Audiovisual Institute, adult education organisations, universities, NGOs and libraries. Despite broad collaboration, challenges remain in reaching adults and older people. The study identifies inclusive education, research-based practice and cross-sector teamwork as Finland’s best practices for fostering societal resilience.