Defining Terms Used for Animals Working in Support Roles for People with Support Needs

Tiffani Howell; Leanne Nieforth; Clare Thomas-Pino; Lauren Samet; Sunday Agbonika; Francisca Cuevas-Pacincich; Nina Fry; Kristine Hill; Brinda Jegatheesan; Miki Kakinuma; Maureen MacNamara; Sanna Mattila-Rautiainen; Andy Perry; Chrstine Tardif-Williams; Elizabeth Walsh; Melissa Winkle; Mariko Yamamoto; Rachel Yerbury; Vijay Rawat; Kathy Alm; Ashley Avci; Tanya Bailey; Hannah Baker; Pree Benton; Catherine Binney; Sara Boyle; Hagit Brandes; Alexa Carr; Wendy Coombe; Kendra Coulter; Audrey Darby; Lowri Davies; Esther Delisle; Marie-Jose Enders-Slegers; Angela Fournier; Marie Fox; Nancy Gee; Taryn Graham; Anne Hamilton-Bruce; Tia Hansen; Lynette Hart; Morag Heirs; Jade Hooper; Rachel Howe; Elizabeth Johnson; Melanie Jones; Christos Karagiannis; Emily Kieson; Sun-A Kim; Christine Kivlen; Beth Lanning; Helen Lewis; Deborah Linder; Dac Mai; Chiara Mariti; Rebecca Mead; Gilly Ferreira; Debbie Ngai; Samantha O'Keeffe; Grainne O'Connor; Christine Olsen; Elizabeth Ormerod; Emma Power; Peggy Pritchard; Kerri Rodriguez; Deborah Rook; Mathew Ruby; Leah  Schofield; Tania Signal; Jill Steel; Wendy Stone; Melissa Symonds; Diane van Rooy; Tiamat Warda; Monica Wilson; Janette Young; Pauleen Bennett

doi:10.3390/ani12151975

Defining Terms Used for Animals Working in Support Roles for People with Support Needs

Tiffani Howell, Leanne Nieforth, Clare Thomas-Pino, Lauren Samet, Sunday Agbonika, Francisca Cuevas-Pacincich, Nina Fry, Kristine Hill, Brinda Jegatheesan, Miki Kakinuma, Maureen MacNamara, Sanna Mattila-Rautiainen, Andy Perry, Chrstine Tardif-Williams, Elizabeth Walsh, Melissa Winkle, Mariko Yamamoto, Rachel Yerbury, Vijay Rawat, Kathy AlmAshley Avci, Tanya Bailey, Hannah Baker, Pree Benton, Catherine Binney, Sara Boyle, Hagit Brandes, Alexa Carr, Wendy Coombe, Kendra Coulter, Audrey Darby, Lowri Davies, Esther Delisle, Marie-Jose Enders-Slegers, Angela Fournier, Marie Fox, Nancy Gee, Taryn Graham, Anne Hamilton-Bruce, Tia Hansen, Lynette Hart, Morag Heirs, Jade Hooper, Rachel Howe, Elizabeth Johnson, Melanie Jones, Christos Karagiannis, Emily Kieson, Sun-A Kim, Christine Kivlen, Beth Lanning, Helen Lewis, Deborah Linder, Dac Mai, Chiara Mariti, Rebecca Mead, Gilly Ferreira, Debbie Ngai, Samantha O'Keeffe, Grainne O'Connor, Christine Olsen, Elizabeth Ormerod, Emma Power, Peggy Pritchard, Kerri Rodriguez, Deborah Rook, Mathew Ruby, Leah Schofield, Tania Signal, Jill Steel, Wendy Stone, Melissa Symonds, Diane van Rooy, Tiamat Warda, Monica Wilson, Janette Young, Pauleen Bennett

Tutkimustuotokset: Kirjoitus lehdessä tai erikoisnumeron toimittaminen › Artikkeli › Tieteellinen › vertaisarvioitu

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The nomenclature used to describe animals working in roles supporting people can be confusing. The same term may be used to describe different roles, or two terms may mean the same thing. This confusion is evident among researchers, practitioners, and end users. Because certain animal roles are provided with legal protections and/or government-funding support in some jurisdictions, it is necessary to clearly define the existing terms to avoid confusion. The aim of this paper is to provide operationalized definitions for nine terms, which would be useful in many world regions: “assistance animal”, “companion animal”, “educational/school support animal”, “emotional support animal”, “facility animal”, “service animal”, “skilled companion animal”, “therapy animal”, and “visiting/visitation animal”. At the International Society for Anthrozoology (ISAZ) conferences in 2018 and 2020, over 100 delegates participated in workshops to define these terms, many of whom co-authored this paper. Through an iterative process, we have defined the nine terms and explained how they differ from each other. We recommend phasing out two terms (i.e., “skilled companion animal” and “service animal”) due to overlap with other terms that could potentially exacerbate confusion. The implications for several regions of the world are discussed.

Alkuperäiskieli	englanti
Sivut	1-18
Sivumäärä	18
Julkaisu	Animals
Vuosikerta	12
Numero	15
DOI - pysyväislinkit	https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12151975
Tila	Julkaistu - 2022
Julkaistu ulkoisesti	Kyllä
OKM-julkaisutyyppi	A1 Vertaisarvioitu alkuperäisartikkeli

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10.3390/ani12151975Lisenssi: CC BY

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Howell, T., Nieforth, L., Thomas-Pino, C., Samet, L., Agbonika, S., Cuevas-Pacincich, F., Fry, N., Hill, K., Jegatheesan, B., Kakinuma, M., MacNamara, M., Mattila-Rautiainen, S., Perry, A., Tardif-Williams, C., Walsh, E., Winkle, M., Yamamoto, M., Yerbury, R., Rawat, V., ... Bennett, P. (2022). Defining Terms Used for Animals Working in Support Roles for People with Support Needs. Animals, 12(15), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12151975

@article{1ee9b32564074f5b88d9e654e988e95a,

title = "Defining Terms Used for Animals Working in Support Roles for People with Support Needs",

abstract = "The nomenclature used to describe animals working in roles supporting people can be confusing. The same term may be used to describe different roles, or two terms may mean the same thing. This confusion is evident among researchers, practitioners, and end users. Because certain animal roles are provided with legal protections and/or government-funding support in some jurisdictions, it is necessary to clearly define the existing terms to avoid confusion. The aim of this paper is to provide operationalized definitions for nine terms, which would be useful in many world regions: “assistance animal”, “companion animal”, “educational/school support animal”, “emotional support animal”, “facility animal”, “service animal”, “skilled companion animal”, “therapy animal”, and “visiting/visitation animal”. At the International Society for Anthrozoology (ISAZ) conferences in 2018 and 2020, over 100 delegates participated in workshops to define these terms, many of whom co-authored this paper. Through an iterative process, we have defined the nine terms and explained how they differ from each other. We recommend phasing out two terms (i.e., “skilled companion animal” and “service animal”) due to overlap with other terms that could potentially exacerbate confusion. The implications for several regions of the world are discussed.",

keywords = "companion animal, assistance animal, service animal, facility animal, therapy animal, emotional support animal, visiting animal, human-animal interaction",

author = "Tiffani Howell and Leanne Nieforth and Clare Thomas-Pino and Lauren Samet and Sunday Agbonika and Francisca Cuevas-Pacincich and Nina Fry and Kristine Hill and Brinda Jegatheesan and Miki Kakinuma and Maureen MacNamara and Sanna Mattila-Rautiainen and Andy Perry and Chrstine Tardif-Williams and Elizabeth Walsh and Melissa Winkle and Mariko Yamamoto and Rachel Yerbury and Vijay Rawat and Kathy Alm and Ashley Avci and Tanya Bailey and Hannah Baker and Pree Benton and Catherine Binney and Sara Boyle and Hagit Brandes and Alexa Carr and Wendy Coombe and Kendra Coulter and Audrey Darby and Lowri Davies and Esther Delisle and Marie-Jose Enders-Slegers and Angela Fournier and Marie Fox and Nancy Gee and Taryn Graham and Anne Hamilton-Bruce and Tia Hansen and Lynette Hart and Morag Heirs and Jade Hooper and Rachel Howe and Elizabeth Johnson and Melanie Jones and Christos Karagiannis and Emily Kieson and Sun-A Kim and Christine Kivlen and Beth Lanning and Helen Lewis and Deborah Linder and Dac Mai and Chiara Mariti and Rebecca Mead and Gilly Ferreira and Debbie Ngai and Samantha O'Keeffe and Grainne O'Connor and Christine Olsen and Elizabeth Ormerod and Emma Power and Peggy Pritchard and Kerri Rodriguez and Deborah Rook and Mathew Ruby and Leah Schofield and Tania Signal and Jill Steel and Wendy Stone and Melissa Symonds and {van Rooy}, Diane and Tiamat Warda and Monica Wilson and Janette Young and Pauleen Bennett",

year = "2022",

doi = "10.3390/ani12151975",

language = "English",

volume = "12",

pages = "1--18",

journal = "Animals",

issn = "2076-2615",

publisher = "MDPI",

number = "15",

}

Howell, T, Nieforth, L, Thomas-Pino, C, Samet, L, Agbonika, S, Cuevas-Pacincich, F, Fry, N, Hill, K, Jegatheesan, B, Kakinuma, M, MacNamara, M, Mattila-Rautiainen, S, Perry, A, Tardif-Williams, C, Walsh, E, Winkle, M, Yamamoto, M, Yerbury, R, Rawat, V, Alm, K, Avci, A, Bailey, T, Baker, H, Benton, P, Binney, C, Boyle, S, Brandes, H, Carr, A, Coombe, W, Coulter, K, Darby, A, Davies, L, Delisle, E, Enders-Slegers, M-J, Fournier, A, Fox, M, Gee, N, Graham, T, Hamilton-Bruce, A, Hansen, T, Hart, L, Heirs, M, Hooper, J, Howe, R, Johnson, E, Jones, M, Karagiannis, C, Kieson, E, Kim, S-A, Kivlen, C, Lanning, B, Lewis, H, Linder, D, Mai, D, Mariti, C, Mead, R, Ferreira, G, Ngai, D, O'Keeffe, S, O'Connor, G, Olsen, C, Ormerod, E, Power, E, Pritchard, P, Rodriguez, K, Rook, D, Ruby, M, Schofield, L, Signal, T, Steel, J, Stone, W, Symonds, M, van Rooy, D, Warda, T, Wilson, M, Young, J & Bennett, P 2022, 'Defining Terms Used for Animals Working in Support Roles for People with Support Needs', Animals, Vuosikerta 12, Nro 15, Sivut 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12151975

TY - JOUR

T1 - Defining Terms Used for Animals Working in Support Roles for People with Support Needs

AU - Howell, Tiffani

AU - Nieforth, Leanne

AU - Thomas-Pino, Clare

AU - Samet, Lauren

AU - Agbonika, Sunday

AU - Cuevas-Pacincich, Francisca

AU - Fry, Nina

AU - Hill, Kristine

AU - Jegatheesan, Brinda

AU - Kakinuma, Miki

AU - MacNamara, Maureen

AU - Mattila-Rautiainen, Sanna

AU - Perry, Andy

AU - Tardif-Williams, Chrstine

AU - Walsh, Elizabeth

AU - Winkle, Melissa

AU - Yamamoto, Mariko

AU - Yerbury, Rachel

AU - Rawat, Vijay

AU - Alm, Kathy

AU - Avci, Ashley

AU - Bailey, Tanya

AU - Baker, Hannah

AU - Benton, Pree

AU - Binney, Catherine

AU - Boyle, Sara

AU - Brandes, Hagit

AU - Carr, Alexa

AU - Coombe, Wendy

AU - Coulter, Kendra

AU - Darby, Audrey

AU - Davies, Lowri

AU - Delisle, Esther

AU - Enders-Slegers, Marie-Jose

AU - Fournier, Angela

AU - Fox, Marie

AU - Gee, Nancy

AU - Graham, Taryn

AU - Hamilton-Bruce, Anne

AU - Hansen, Tia

AU - Hart, Lynette

AU - Heirs, Morag

AU - Hooper, Jade

AU - Howe, Rachel

AU - Johnson, Elizabeth

AU - Jones, Melanie

AU - Karagiannis, Christos

AU - Kieson, Emily

AU - Kim, Sun-A

AU - Kivlen, Christine

AU - Lanning, Beth

AU - Lewis, Helen

AU - Linder, Deborah

AU - Mai, Dac

AU - Mariti, Chiara

AU - Mead, Rebecca

AU - Ferreira, Gilly

AU - Ngai, Debbie

AU - O'Keeffe, Samantha

AU - O'Connor, Grainne

AU - Olsen, Christine

AU - Ormerod, Elizabeth

AU - Power, Emma

AU - Pritchard, Peggy

AU - Rodriguez, Kerri

AU - Rook, Deborah

AU - Ruby, Mathew

AU - Schofield, Leah

AU - Signal, Tania

AU - Steel, Jill

AU - Stone, Wendy

AU - Symonds, Melissa

AU - van Rooy, Diane

AU - Warda, Tiamat

AU - Wilson, Monica

AU - Young, Janette

AU - Bennett, Pauleen

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - The nomenclature used to describe animals working in roles supporting people can be confusing. The same term may be used to describe different roles, or two terms may mean the same thing. This confusion is evident among researchers, practitioners, and end users. Because certain animal roles are provided with legal protections and/or government-funding support in some jurisdictions, it is necessary to clearly define the existing terms to avoid confusion. The aim of this paper is to provide operationalized definitions for nine terms, which would be useful in many world regions: “assistance animal”, “companion animal”, “educational/school support animal”, “emotional support animal”, “facility animal”, “service animal”, “skilled companion animal”, “therapy animal”, and “visiting/visitation animal”. At the International Society for Anthrozoology (ISAZ) conferences in 2018 and 2020, over 100 delegates participated in workshops to define these terms, many of whom co-authored this paper. Through an iterative process, we have defined the nine terms and explained how they differ from each other. We recommend phasing out two terms (i.e., “skilled companion animal” and “service animal”) due to overlap with other terms that could potentially exacerbate confusion. The implications for several regions of the world are discussed.

AB - The nomenclature used to describe animals working in roles supporting people can be confusing. The same term may be used to describe different roles, or two terms may mean the same thing. This confusion is evident among researchers, practitioners, and end users. Because certain animal roles are provided with legal protections and/or government-funding support in some jurisdictions, it is necessary to clearly define the existing terms to avoid confusion. The aim of this paper is to provide operationalized definitions for nine terms, which would be useful in many world regions: “assistance animal”, “companion animal”, “educational/school support animal”, “emotional support animal”, “facility animal”, “service animal”, “skilled companion animal”, “therapy animal”, and “visiting/visitation animal”. At the International Society for Anthrozoology (ISAZ) conferences in 2018 and 2020, over 100 delegates participated in workshops to define these terms, many of whom co-authored this paper. Through an iterative process, we have defined the nine terms and explained how they differ from each other. We recommend phasing out two terms (i.e., “skilled companion animal” and “service animal”) due to overlap with other terms that could potentially exacerbate confusion. The implications for several regions of the world are discussed.

KW - companion animal

KW - assistance animal

KW - service animal

KW - facility animal

KW - therapy animal

KW - emotional support animal

KW - visiting animal

KW - human-animal interaction

U2 - 10.3390/ani12151975

DO - 10.3390/ani12151975

M3 - Article

SN - 2076-2615

VL - 12

SP - 1

EP - 18

JO - Animals

JF - Animals

IS - 15

ER -

Defining Terms Used for Animals Working in Support Roles for People with Support Needs

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