@inbook{1ac7701852974783afcb5c1f1ffe5b6a,
title = "Areas beyond national jurisdiction",
abstract = "Marine areas beyond national jurisdiction comprise the high seas and the deep seabed. The difference between areas beyond national jurisdiction in the Arctic and Antarctic is embodied by the presence of territorial sovereignty and sovereign rights by Arctic coastal States, and the theoretical absence thereof in the Antarctic. A common denominator of polar areas beyond national jurisdiction is the complexity of the matter. In the Arctic, this refers to the ongoing process of defining and delineating the outermost limits of continental shelves. In the Antarctic, the complexity of determining the ABNJ boundaries lies in the existence of the Antarctic Treaty's freezing of Antarctic territory claims.",
keywords = "international law, sea areas, polar regions, arctic region, antarctic zone, seas, sovereignty, maritime law, international agreements, jurisdiction, territorial waters",
author = "Timo Koivurova and Katharina Heinrich",
year = "2025",
month = aug,
day = "14",
doi = "10.4337/9781035300112.00035",
language = "English",
isbn = "978-1-03530-010-5",
series = "Elgar Concise Encyclopedias in Law",
publisher = "Edward Elgar",
pages = "88--90",
editor = "Rothwell, {Donald R. } and Bloom, {Evan T.} and Lalonde, {Suzanne } and McGee, {Jeffrey }",
booktitle = "Elgar Concise Encyclopedia of Polar Law",
address = "United Kingdom",
}