Legal Approaches to Dry Cargo Liquefaction: An Arctic Perspective on a Global Problem

Purpose—The liquefaction of dry cargoes poses a serious threat to maritime safety. Dry cargo liquefaction is frequently the cause of loss of life at sea. This text aims at raising awareness of the utility of existing international law norms to contribute to disaster risk reduction (DRR) at sea in this particular context. Design, Methodology, Approach—The topic is approached from a particular Arctic perspective as the Arctic Ocean is opening up for maritime traffic in ways never seen before. Findings—By bringing together technical and legal aspects, the text provides the reader with insights into a challenging problem with high practical relevance for seafarers around the world, emphasizing the human dimension of the regulation of the use of maritime spaces. Practical Implications—This approach highlights the practical importance of insurance providers and other actors for enhancing shipping safety. This role can be seen also in other aspects of shipping safety, for example with regard to oil pollution or passenger rights. Originality, Value—At this time, it appears that Arctic-related seafarer training regimes are not yet taking the increased risk of Dry Cargo Liquefaction into account as a matter of course—nor is there a corresponding legal requirement de lege lata. Nevertheless, awareness of Arctic conditions and risks can help increase awareness of specific Arctic risks among crew members. There are not specific DCL-related rules in the Polar Code but it learning about Arctic-specific risks can complement existing rules, such as those of the IMSBC Code, to enhance seafarer safety.