TY - JOUR
T1 - Arctic rain on snow events
T2 - bridging observations to understand environmental and livelihood impacts
AU - Serreze, Mark C
AU - Gustafson, Julia
AU - Barrett, Andrew P
AU - Druckenmiller, Matthew L
AU - Fox, Shari
AU - Voveris, Jessica
AU - Stroeve, Julienne
AU - Sheffield, Betsy
AU - Forbes, Bruce C
AU - Rasmus, Sirpa
AU - Laptander, Roza
AU - Brook, Mike
AU - Brubaker, Mike
AU - Temte, James
AU - McCrystall, Michelle R
AU - Bartsch, Annett
PY - 2021/10/6
Y1 - 2021/10/6
N2 - Whenrain falls onan existing coverofsnow,followed bylowtemperatures,orfalls asfreezing rain,it can leave a hard crust. These Arctic rain on snow (ROS) events can profoundly influence theenvironment and in turn, human livelihoods. Impacts can be immediate (e.g. on human travel,herding, or harvesting) or evolve or accumulate, leading to massive starvation-induced die-offs ofreindeer, caribou, and musk oxen, for example. We provide here a review and synthesis of ArcticROS events and their impacts, addressing human-environment relationships, meteorologicalconditions associated with ROS events, and challenges in their detection. From our assessment ofthe state of the science, we conclude that while (a) systematic detection of ROS events, theirintensity, and trends across the Arctic region can be approached by combining data from satelliteremote sensing, atmospheric reanalyses, and meteorological station records; (b) obtainingknowledge and information most germane to impacts, such as the thickness of ice layers, how icelayers form within a snowpack, and antecedent conditions that can amplify impacts, necessitatescollaboration and knowledge co-production with community members and indigenousknowledge-holders.
AB - Whenrain falls onan existing coverofsnow,followed bylowtemperatures,orfalls asfreezing rain,it can leave a hard crust. These Arctic rain on snow (ROS) events can profoundly influence theenvironment and in turn, human livelihoods. Impacts can be immediate (e.g. on human travel,herding, or harvesting) or evolve or accumulate, leading to massive starvation-induced die-offs ofreindeer, caribou, and musk oxen, for example. We provide here a review and synthesis of ArcticROS events and their impacts, addressing human-environment relationships, meteorologicalconditions associated with ROS events, and challenges in their detection. From our assessment ofthe state of the science, we conclude that while (a) systematic detection of ROS events, theirintensity, and trends across the Arctic region can be approached by combining data from satelliteremote sensing, atmospheric reanalyses, and meteorological station records; (b) obtainingknowledge and information most germane to impacts, such as the thickness of ice layers, how icelayers form within a snowpack, and antecedent conditions that can amplify impacts, necessitatescollaboration and knowledge co-production with community members and indigenousknowledge-holders.
KW - Arctic
KW - rain
KW - snow
KW - impacts
KW - society
KW - caribou
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85117727680&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85117727680&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1088/1748-9326/ac269b
DO - 10.1088/1748-9326/ac269b
M3 - Article
SN - 1748-9326
VL - 16
JO - Environmental research letters
JF - Environmental research letters
IS - 10
M1 - 105009
ER -